The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the United...

The impact of global financial crisis on the United Kingdom Introduction This report will examine the affects of the global financial crisis, which was a result of the collapse of the sub-prime mortgage market in the United States, on the UK economy. First of all, it will look at the background of the global financial crisis. Secondly, this paper will analyses why the UK economy has been influenced by the global financial crisis, what effects of the financial crisis on the United Kingdom have been, especially labour market. Lastly, brief conclusions will be drawn and a number of recommendations will be made. * Outline Financial crisis is a sharp deterioration of a group of financial indicators, such as business and financial†¦show more content†¦Thus, when interest rates rose in 2007, most of banks could not put cash back because more and more homeowners with mortgages were forced to default, and they also could not borrow money from wholesale market because others were involved in the same situation. Lastly, although Bob Bennett, the finance director, said ‘the credit crunch that was obviously coming should have led to more restrained [mortgage] volumes.’ in February 2007, managers of banks did not believe that rising interest rates would affect lending (Brummer, 2008, p.10). Moreover, another reason is the changing of the UK economic structure. From 1945, significant sectors were run by the state, because the Labour Government stated that the economy must be centrally managed. However, it was a big challenge for the local government to run them efficiently because of a limited budget. In order to solve this problem, Conservative governments transferred some state industries to private sectors from 1979 to 1997. After that, the Labour Government also accepted privatization. Nowadays, there is a free market economy in the United Kingdom (Oakland, 2006). That means the UK government plays a neutral role in its administration and legislation of economic activity. It was so difficult for companies, especially for the private sector, to deal with the negative effects of the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. Furthermore, It is no wonder that the UK government should takeShow MoreRelatedThe contemporary Great Recession and the global financial crisis1032 Wor ds   |  5 Pagessubprime crisis in 2007 that it is commonly believed to have led to the Great recession and to the present global financial crisis, these issues have been subject to much research. 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Comparison of Another Culture - 1068 Words

Comparison of Another Culture Ronna Cassady NURS 321 Japan is a very respectful country and honors their elders. They will do what they are told without a doubt. They have an honor system and respect each other in many ways, as I will explain to you. Their food base is mainly from the sea, being that they are a bunch of scattered islands surrounded by the sea. The sea is basically a lifeline for them that is why their most popular servings are fish and rice. In Japan a greeting is a very big deal, if not greeted in the correct manner there will be some issues. It is Japanese tradition that you bow to whom you are meeting. It shows respect and in some cases if you want to apologize it is an apologetic gesture. When greeting someone†¦show more content†¦The Japanese healthcare system provides free screening examinations for certain diseases, infectious disease control and prenatal care. This healthcare is provided by both the local and the national governments. 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Air Traffic Control Free Essays

The National Airspace System of the U. S is one difficult system to work with today. It consists of thousands of people, procedures, facilities and equipment, which, enables for safe travel across the United States and over great portions of the world’s major oceans. We will write a custom essay sample on Air Traffic Control or any similar topic only for you Order Now The entire system consists upwards of about 5000 air traffic controllers, and over 10000 safety inspectors and technicians. All together, there’s about 41,000 facilities within the system and over 71,000 pieces of equipment like radar. Over 50000 flights use the NAS everyday. As one can see, the NAS is extremely important. One may ask what it has to do with NEXTGEN of which I am writing. NEXTGEN itself is a name given to a new NAS that will be implemented in stages around the U. S between the years of 2012 and 2025. The air transportation system around the U. S will be undergoing major transformations. What’s the point of the transformation the FAA is having the U. S going through? Mainly, it’s to reduce major gridlock not only in the air, but in the airports as well. The NEXTGEN has been undergoing its formation ever since 2003 by JDPO which was established by the U. S congress. Lately, the Air Transportation System of the U. S has been undergoing increasing stress. This will only lead to more costly delays of flights, and thus creating concerns of flight safety and then degrading even further the U. S ATS. Mainly, NEXTGEN is a transformation of the ENTIRE NAS, not only bits and pieces of it. It’s to meet any future demands and help avoid gridlock of traffic. NEXTGEN â€Å"moves away from legacy ground based technologies to new and more dynamic satellite-based technology. The new capabilities and the highly interdependent technologies aim to change the way that the system operates, reduce congestion, and improve passengers’ experiences. Throughout the paper the NEXTGEN will broken down and dissected until we know it through and through. The NEXTGEN consists of several different elements such as ADS-B, SWIM, NNEW and NVS. Starting with the ADS-B also known as automatic dependent surveillance broadcast. The ADS-B is going to use GPS to help pilots and ATC to separate planes and not only in th e sky, but on the ground as well. The GPS will paint a more accurate picture to see other planes in the area. The transponders in the aircrafts will receive the GPS signals and will thus use them to see the precise location of the aircraft. The data will then be broadcast to other aircraft and ATC, and for the first time will see a real time display of other traffic. Later on down the road the FAA will mandate what kinds of avionics are necessary to implement the ADS-B. The FAA will require that all aircraft will need to be equipped with it by no later than Jan 2020. The ADS-B is going to bring many new safety features in and out of the airplane. Within the aircraft, a pilot can bring up information about aircraft surrounding his, with details such as heading, speed etc. It will also show the pilot about terrain and any weather that may be headed his/her way, and what seems to be more importantly, it’s free. Next, the NEXTGEN consists of SWIM, System Wide Information Management. â€Å"SWIM will provide a single infrastructure and information management system to deliver high quality, timely data to many users and applications. † SWIM is going to rid NAS of any repetitiveness so the users may use the information more efficiently. It also allows for the information to become more easily accessible. Euro control first pitched the SWIM to the FAA 14 years ago, and since then, it’s been under development. However it’s not only a concept that’s going to be implemented within NEXTGEN, but Europe’s research facility is also trying to implement the same thing. The main improvement that SWIM will bring to NEXTGEN is it will create an increase in situational awareness, which, in the air, is important. How it’s possible is the fact that the information provided to all positions (ATC, pilots etc) is consistent. Next is the NNEW, Next Generation Enabled Weather. As earlier stated, NEXTGEN is used to help create less delays for flights, which thus cost money for the airlines. This element of NEXTGEN will help reduce the delays of airlines because of the fact that about 70 % of all delays are related to weather in some way. It’s predicted that NNEW will quite possible reduce the amount of weather related delays in half of what it already is. All the different ways a person can gather weather (weather towers, airborne, in space) will all be combined into one source and will update it every hour in real time. Like it has been seen, receiving common information is the key to improving the airlines’ performance and safety, and NNEW is no different. NNEW will give a common picture of weather across the nation making it easier for pilots to make the decision whether or not to fly at that particular point in time. More impressively, the NNEW is making to create not a 3-D picture, but a 4D weather data cube (lateral, vertical time dimensions). Not only will this create an increase in flight safety, but it will allow more planes to get off the ground because they thought the weather would be poor, thus increasing airspace capacity. Lastly, there’s the NVS, NAS voice switch. There’s plenty of voice switches within the NAS, in fact there’s over 17 different switches. With some being active for more than two decades, NVS is planning on making things a little bit easier all for the sake of performance by creating air/ground and ground/ground communications. The NVS is set to be put in place to help controllers that may be overworked in their areas particular â€Å"on† season. It will allow airspaces to be reconfigured due to workload of other airspaces. The catchy thing about all of this is, with these reconfigurations, they’re possible without an actual, physical movement of staff. A person from across the country can be assigned to airspace without moving anywhere. Also a change between analog to VOIP is also being considered before this is to be implemented. Simply put, NVS is just the new class of communication with airborne aircraft, replacing those out of date equipment. There, of course are many benefits to the NEXTGEN. Now, the pilot would be able to choose its direction of flight, which preferably it’s a direct flight, which goes to show that it will increase performance, and not need to necessarily follow the grid in the sky that exists today. Like never before, an airplane will receive precise location and time it and another aircraft are to cross paths along their route of flight, which will allow ample time to redirect itself as necessary. Also, the same information will be accessible to those on the ground, both pilots and air traffic managers, thus making the sky a much safer place to be in. As previously stated, weather related delays and emergencies will be avoided almost all together by giving precise information to pilots and air traffic managers via improved information sharing. NEXTGEN will improve surface movements at airports, because of this; as much of a separation isn’t needed, and that allows for more aircraft into a specific area. This will allow for a better management of flow into and out of busy airspace. Like stated on several occasions above, NEXTGEN is used to increase efficiency in the air, and with every element combined we will be able to better use our busiest of airports and make sure we’re getting their potential out of them. The USA and Europe are working together in what I like to call interoperability to get each other on the same page. As of October of 2010 the US and the European Authorities have reached a preliminary agreement on the integration of their respective Air Traffic Management improvements. Co-coordinating the two is one giant step towards the standardization of ATM. The USA and the European Union will pursue such a feat through the CAO. In my opinion, the integration of the two is not only essential, but it almost needs to be required, once aircraft leave US airspace, then it’s back to the old way of communicating. With the integration of the two, planes will be able to fly across the world or at least from the US to Europe without having many variances in communication. As this paper is drawn to a close, there’s one point that I feel needs to be brought up time and time again, and that’s flight safety. NEXTGEN with the combined efforts of Euro control, our skies are going to be incrementally made more efficient and safe at the same time. The information people read across our country and vast amounts of ocean will be uniform and consistent which is very important, because it will remove any confusion which is unsafe and not effective. NEXTGEN has a very bright looking future for ATM; it’s a 12 year span that will show a great deal of improvements in many areas for aviation. Bibliography * Derber, Alex. â€Å"Europe and USA Take Step towards ATM Interoperability. † Aviation News and Aviation Jobs from Flightglobal. Web. 05 May 2011. ;http://www. flightglobal. com/articles/2010/06/24/343582/europe-and-usa-take-step-towards-atm-interoperability. html * Wikipedia contributors. â€Å"National Airspace System Voice Switch. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 9 Jul. 2010. Web. 5 May. How to cite Air Traffic Control, Papers

The law of European Law-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss how Power Sharing in the EU Works. Answer: Treaties Under the European law, it has formed according to the rule of law. The law of EU is approved voluntarily under some treaties, which is operated by all EU member countries (Barnard and Peers 2017). The policy under the treaties does not commenced with the 6treties but the Commission of the countries can operated such policies as per the interest of the law. It describes an agreement, which is binding between EU member countries. The agreement helps to manage the EU objectives and rules for EU institutions. It helps to take the decisions and establishes a good relationship between the EU itself and its member countries. The Treaties should be formed for the applicable to the EU law where it could become more efficient and transparent. It also helps in the preparation for the new country members and introduced with the areas of the cooperation with the policies and political aspects (Kaczorowska-Ireland 2016). The EU treaties helps to understand the legal importance, adopt legislations where the member countries can able to implement. The most important treaties in EU law are: Treaty of Lisbon This treaty is signed and formed the contract on 13th December, 2007 which is applicable from 1st December 2009. The aim of the formation of the treaty is describe the formation of the EU more efficient, more democratic and helps to understand the way to deal with global problems, like climate change, with one voice. It has exercise the power, which is, belongs to EU and EU member countries. Treaty of Nice This treaty is signed on the date of 26the February 2001 and from 1st February 2003 it started to apply in between the countries. The treaty has formed for achieving the purpose to reformation of the institutions, which will help EU to function efficiently after reaching 25 member countries. Treaty of Amsterdam On the date of 2nd October the Treaty of Amsterdam is signed and applied between the countries from 1st May, 1999. The purpose of the treaty is to reformation of the EU institutions in preparation for the arrival of future member countries. Treaty on European Union - Maastricht Treaty On the date of 7th February 1992 this treaty is signed and applicable between the countries from 1st November, 1993. The treat was introduced to prepare for European Monetary Union and introduce elements of a political union, which includes common foreign, citizenship and internal affairs policy. Single European Act It was signed on 17th February 1986 and applicable between the countries from 1st July 1987. The aim of the treaty isthe reformation of the institutions in preparation for Portugal and Spain's membership and speed up decision-making in preparation for the single market. Merger Treaty - Brussels Treaty On 8th April, 1965 the Merger Treaty - Brussels Treaty and forced from 1st July, 1967. The treaty has helped in streamlining the European institutions (Kaczorowska-Ireland 2016). Treaties of Rome : EEC and EURATOM treaties On 25th March, 1957 the Treaties of Rome: EEC and EURATOM treaties was signed and applied between the countries from 1st January 1958. The treaty has formed to maintain the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) and the European Economic Community (EEC). Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community This treaty was formed on the date of 18th April 1951 and applied between the countries from 23rd July 1952. The treaty was to form to fulfill the purpose of interdependence in coal and steel industry so that one country could no longer mobilize their armed forces without others disclosing the information. Treaties should be formed for the applicable to the EU law where it could become more efficient and transparent. It also helps in the preparation for the new country members and introduced with the areas of the cooperation with the policies and political aspects (Nugent 2017) References Barnard, C. and Peers, S. eds., 2017. European union law. Oxford University Press. Beetham, D. and Lord, C., 2014. Legitimacy and the European union. Routledge. Davies, K., 2015. Understanding European Union Law. Routledge. Kaczorowska-Ireland, A., 2016. European union law. Routledge. McCormick, J., 2014. Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Nugent, N., 2017. The government and politics of the European Union. Springer.